Emigré scientists – many of them Jews who
had fled Europe to avoid persecution under the Nazi regime – were principal
instigators of the United States nuclear-fission weapons program known as the
Manhattan Project.
In particular, in 1939, a group of Hungarian-born physicists – including Leo
Szilard, Edward Teller and Eugene Wigner – persuaded Nobel Prize winning Physicist
Albert Einstein to write
President Roosevelt, bringing to his attention the possibility that recent scientific
discoveries in Germany could result in "extremely powerful bombs of a new
type."
Roosevelt was interested enough to meet several times with Einstein’s emissaries
– Einstein, himself, spoke very little English – who convinced FDR that if we
did not develop such bombs before the Nazis did, they would "blow us up."
Then, as a result of the Japanese attack on our blockade fleet, moored at Pearl
Harbor – which Roosevelt provoked by imposing an oil blockade on Japan – Hitler,
Japan’s ally, declared war on us on December 11, 1941.
The Manhattan Project initially focused on a Uranium-235 fission bomb. But
the original process for separating the Uranium-235 isotope from natural uranium
– the Electromagnetic Isotope Separation (EMIS) process, the same process employed
by the Iraqis in the late 1980s – reportedly took 18 months to produce the 120
pounds or so needed for the Little Boy, the bomb we dropped on Hiroshima.
Hiroshima?
But the impetus for the Manhattan Project – instigated by the European émigré
scientists – was to get nukes before Hitler did. Why bomb Japan?
Well, there were several reasons.
For one thing, the war in Europe had essentially been won by the Soviet Union
at Kursk, in the summer of 1943.
For another, by late1944, most of the European émigré scientists
– as a result of contacts with their former colleagues – had concluded that
the German nuclear program had not gone well, and that Hitler had concluded
that it could not (even if successful) contribute to winning his war.
Furthermore, it soon became apparent that both the Uranium-235 gun-type bomb
– Little Boy – and the Plutonium-239 implosion-type bomb – Fat Man – would be
so heavy they could only be delivered by specially modified B-29 bombers, all
of which were in the Pacific.
So, as soon as it became known within the Manhattan Project that the bomb would
be used against the Japanese and not the Nazis, more than a few scientists left
the project and some – notably instigator Leo Szilard – even began to oppose
it, as a "terrible mistake."
Why? Well, as General Leslie Groves, Director of the Manhattan Project, noted
"The Japanese haven’t harmed the Jews, and Szilard couldn’t give a crap
about potential losses in an invasion of Japan."
Adolph Hitler committed suicide
in Berlin on April 29, 1945.
The Plutonium-239 implosion-device was tested
at Trinity Site in New Mexico on July 16, 1945.
We dropped Little Boy on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and the Fat Man on Nagasaki
on August 9, thereby "obliterating them," as Hillary Clinton would
say.
Now, fast forward to June 7, 1981.
On that date, the Israelis "took out" Osiraq, a small French-built research
reactor, "safeguarded" by the International Atomic Energy Agency,
apparently because they had concluded that Saddam Hussein expected Osiraq –
in lieu of the Tooth Fairy – to miraculously leave a few nuclear weapons under
Saddam’s pillow.
According to an official Israeli statement;
"The atomic bombs which that reactor was capable of producing – whether
from enriched uranium or from plutonium – would be of the Hiroshima size. Thus
a mortal danger to the people of Israel progressively arose."
Now, since 1991, thanks to the IAEA, the whole world has known that Saddam
began his quest for nuclear weapons as a direct result of the
Israeli raid on his IAEA Safeguarded research reactor.
And, since for many months now, virtually every U.S. politician – including
all Presidential "hopefuls" – have declared, as did Hillary Clinton
at the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee hoo-hah last
year, that "we cannot, we should not, we must not permit Iran
to build or acquire nuclear weapons," and that "in dealing with this
threat," no option [including the use of nuclear weapons on its IAEA Safeguarded
facilities] can be taken off the table."
Why not?
Well, according to Hillary;
"To deny the Holocaust places Iran's leadership in company with the
most despicable bigots and historical revisionists."
Then, there’s Bush, repeatedly also refusing to take the option of the use
of nuclear weapons against Iran "off the table." Quoth Bush;
"I think anyone who advocates wiping out an entire race of people has
to be insane. The president of Iran has advocated for this more times than I
could count. Hitler was not sane either and he wanted to do the same thing to
the same people, just by different methods."
Consequently, here we are, perhaps on the eve of the Israelis attempting to
"take out" – with the almost explicit support of Bush-Cheney and The
Best Congress AIPAC Can Buy – all the IAEA Safeguarded
facilities in Iran.
So, it’s perhaps worthwhile revisiting UN
Security Council Resolution 487 condemning the Israeli unprovoked attack
back in 1981 on the Iraqi IAEA-safeguarded facility.
"Fully aware of the fact that Iraq has been a party to the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons since it came into force in 1970, that,
in accordance with that treaty, Iraq has accepted IAEA safeguards on all its
nuclear activities, and that the agency has testified that these safeguards
have been satisfactorily applied to date;
"Strongly condemns the military attack by Israel – in clear violation of
tehe Charter of the United Nations and the norms of international conduct;
"Calls upon Israel to refrain in the future from any such acts or threats
thereof;
"Further considers that the said attack constitutes a serious threat to
the entire IAEA safeguards regime, which is the foundation of the non-proliferation
treaty."
Of course, last time about all the Israelis had going for them was that Saddam
Hussein was then fully engaged in the unprovoked war of aggression he had launched
against the Iranian Mullahs.
But this time! Well, they’re finally going to get to nuke "Hitler."
Leo and some of his fellow émigrés would be pleased.